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Medusa, a symbol of power and protection

Medusa, a symbol of power and protection

Medusa is one of the most recognizable pop culture and fashion icons!

Her powerful image of a woman with a full head of snake hair is unforgettable. Her power to turn a mortal (or a man, depending on the myth) into stone by a single glance has allured and inspired artists and even activists and social scientists for centuries!

But who was Medusa, and how did she end up a monster for Perseus to kill?

According to Ovid, Medusa originally was a beautiful young woman.

She had stunning golden hair, with perfect ringlets framing her beautiful face. Her features were in perfect symmetry, her lips red like the purest wine.

Medusa is said to have been coveted across the land. She had many suitors, but she wouldn’t choose one, all wanting her hand in marriage, won over by her rare beauty. So beautiful was she, that the god Poseidon also desired to have her.

But Medusa wouldn’t yield to any man. And, to Poseidon’s consternation, she wouldn’t give herself to him either.

Poseidon was angered, and his desire for her grew even more. But it was very hard to find Medusa on her own. She was always surrounded by her friends or family, and so it was impossible for him to make any kind of move.

But there came one day when Medusa went to Athena’s temple to give offerings. She was alone during that time, and that’s when Poseidon seized his chance. He accosted Medusa in Athena’s temple, once again asking for her affections.

When Medusa refused, Poseidon pinned her against Athena’s altar and had his way with her anyway.

Athena was enraged that a rape took place in her temple, but she couldn’t punish Poseidon for it. In her fit of anger, she carried out her revenge on Medusa, cursing her. Medusa immediately fell to the ground. Her beautiful flaxen hair fell off, and in its place horrible, venomous snakes grew, covering all her head. Her face didn’t lose its beauty, but instead of charm, it inspired terror in the hearts of mortals.

The young woman wailed in horror, as Athena further said, completing her curse:

“From now on and forever, whoever gazes upon you, whomever you see, will be turned into stone.”

Horrified, grieved, and frightened, Medusa hid her face with her shawl and fled from the temple and her town, to be isolated and avoid people. Enraged by what happened to her, she vowed to turn to stone any man who would venture into her lair ever since.

Another version of this tale has Poseidon and Medusa being lovers, instead of Poseidon pursuing her without success. In the version where Poseidon and Medusa are a couple, they were fervent lovers, full of passion and celebration of their love.

One day, they were passing through a very romantic forest of olives in which was Athena’s temple. Inspired, they went to the temple and had sex on the altar. Athena was enraged at the disrespect to her shrine and took her revenge.

Again, because she couldn’t punish Poseidon for insolence, she only took it out on Medusa cursing her. In this version, Medusa is angry at all men because Poseidon didn’t defend or protect her from Athena’s wrath, letting her be transformed into a monster.

Medusa, a symbol of power and protection

The snake-haired monster Medusa whose eyes could turn a person to stone, was defeated by Perseus who used her severed head to defeat his enemies and then offered it to Athena, who used it as a symbol of power. The Greeks took up the device, but as an apotropaic or protective symbol. In particular, the terrible power of the gorgon’s eyes is emphasised early on in Archaic art.

One of the earliest examples of this is from a Proto-Attic black-figure amphora from Eleusis, from around 650 BC, created by the Polyphemus Painter. On the body of the vase, Perseus is shown fleeing the gorgons, who glare out at the viewer. Similarly, on the Nessos amphora – another Proto-Attic black figure vase, now in the National Archaeological Museum in Athens – the Gorgons are shown speeding across the surface of the sea in pursuit of Perseus, who is not shown.

In both examples, the gorgon’s face glares out at the viewer, emphasising her penetrating stare. This frontal face view is rare in Greek art, but serves to evidence the power of her eyes. This emphasis, complete with other monstrous features such as serpentine hair, tusks, and protruding tongue, serves to highlight the power of her monstrous gaze, which ‘turns away’ those who look upon her.

LECTURES BUREAU

SOURCES : 1. greecetravelideas.com
2. folclorethursday.com

IMAGE : pinterest.co/pin/81909286963691714/

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