{"id":51200,"date":"2026-04-30T15:58:27","date_gmt":"2026-04-30T12:58:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/?p=51200"},"modified":"2026-05-02T10:04:46","modified_gmt":"2026-05-02T07:04:46","slug":"gertrude-elion-3980","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/gertrude-elion-3980\/","title":{"rendered":"Gertrude Belle Elion – \u039c\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u039d\u03cc\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u0397\u00a0\u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b7 \u0388\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd<\/b> (23 \u0399\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 1918 \u2013 21 \u03a6\u03b5\u03b2\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 1999) \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf 1988, \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u039d\u039f\u039c\u03a0\u0395\u039b \u0399\u0391\u03a4\u03a1\u0399\u039a\u0397\u03a3.<\/p>\n

\u0397 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 1933, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c0\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n

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\u03a4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u0395\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ae, \u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b7 \u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7: \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03bf.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0389\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf Hunter College \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u039d\u03ad\u03b1 \u03a5\u03cc\u03c1\u03ba\u03b7, \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03c0\u03c1\u03b5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 1937\u2014\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u038e\u03c6\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2\u2014\u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u039f \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9’ \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03bd.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u03a5\u03c0\u03ad\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5 \u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc. \u03a0\u03ae\u03c1\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u038c\u03c7\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1. \u0395\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b1.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0388\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03be\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u00ab\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u00bb \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0397 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5 \u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03af\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9, \u03b4\u03ad\u03c7\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03cc,\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5: \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bb\u03cd\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf. \u039d\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 20 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03c5\u03c7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1. \u0391\u03c1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 10% \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 – \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03b6\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03b6\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0391\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5 \u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0394\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03be\u03b5 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1. \u0394\u03b9\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03b6\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9. \u0388\u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0388\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03bf\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u03a4\u03bf 1944, \u03b7 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 Burroughs Wellcome \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc George Hitchings.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u039f \u03a7\u03af\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03c7\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9: \u0397 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae. \u0389\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u039c\u03b1\u03b6\u03af, \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc: \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0389\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1940. \u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ae\u03bb\u03c0\u03b9\u03b6\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0397 Gertrude \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf Hitchings \u03ad\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc: \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf – \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0389\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5. \u03a4\u03bf 1951, \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd 6-\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u20146-MP.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0389\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u03a0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd 6-MP, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b7. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ad\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2. \u039a\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd 6-MP, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cd\u03c6\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7. \u0386\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd. \u0386\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0397 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0391\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03b6\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u2014\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ae.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u03a0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03b6\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b7, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03ae\u03c0\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf \u03c9\u03c2 \u03be\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03b1. \u0397 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c6\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0397 \u03b1\u03b6\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03be\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc. \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03be\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u039e\u03b1\u03c6\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd. \u039f\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2. \u0386\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u2014\u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b5\u03c2\u2014\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b6\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03c1\u03b7 – \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b9\u03ca\u03ba\u03ac \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u03a0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03c1\u03b7, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd \u03b1\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03af \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b6\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03b7.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
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\n
\u0397 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b9\u03bf\u03af \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1. \u0395\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf DNA \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf RNA \u03ad\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd AZT – \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd HIV\/AIDS.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u039c\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1980, \u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b7 \u0388\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
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\n
\u0395\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0388\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
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\n
\u0398\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0395\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 HIV\/AIDS \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
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\n
\u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03ad\u03c2. \u0394\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c1\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af.\u00a0 \u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03be\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9, \u03ad\u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2. \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7. \u038c\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03c3\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
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\n
\u03a4\u03bf 1988, \u03b7 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u039d\u03cc\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u0392\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u039d\u03cc\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ae \u0399\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
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\n
\u039c\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 Gertrude B. Elion.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0389\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd 70 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd. \u0388\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 40 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
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\n
\u0388\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u039d\u03cc\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
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\n
\u0396\u03c9\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n
\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd Gertrude \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u039d\u03cc\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
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\n
\u0395\u03af\u03c0\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c1\u03c7\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u00ab\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u00bb.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u038c\u03c7\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7. \u038c\u03c7\u03b9 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03b1. \u038c\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bb\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0391\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b6\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2. \u038c\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bb\u03ae\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03b6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2. \u038c\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2. \u0397 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 80 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 -\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2-, \u03b5\u03bd\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 STEM, {\u03a4\u03bf STEM \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd\u03cd\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 (Science), \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (Technology), \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 (Engineering) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u039c\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd (Mathematics} \u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03c4\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c0\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u03a5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03af\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac – \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03be\u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u03a4\u03bf 1991, \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ae\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u0395\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc Hall of Fame \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0395\u03c6\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0388\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u0395\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd -\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u03a3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 21 \u03a6\u03b5\u03b2\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 1999, \u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b7 \u039c\u03c0. \u0388\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03ad\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 81 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u039c\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ad\u03c2.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0397 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u03a0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a7\u03af\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03b7. \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2, \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u039a\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5. \u039a\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b9\u03ca\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf. \u039a\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u2014 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b7.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0391\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u0390\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 – \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03c7\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u039a\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03af \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 Gertrude Elion \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u039a\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03bb\u03ae\u03c0\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c9\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b5.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u039a\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 – \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1. \u0397 Gertrude Elion \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c0\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03bf Jonas Salk \u03ae \u03bf Alexander Fleming.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0391\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad. \u038a\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c0\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u038a\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03ad\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b8\u03cc\u03c1\u03c5\u03b2\u03b1, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u038c\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0391\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1. \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b7 \u039c\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb \u0395\u03bb\u03b9\u03cc\u03bd (1918-1999).<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u03a4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b1<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u039f\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0395\u0399\u039a\u039f\u039d\u0391 : pinterest.com\/pin\/288863763618771424\/<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0397\u00a0\u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b7 \u0388\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd (23 \u0399\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 1918 \u2013 21 \u03a6\u03b5\u03b2\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 1999) \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf 1988, \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u039d\u039f\u039c\u03a0\u0395\u039b \u0399\u0391\u03a4\u03a1\u0399\u039a\u0397\u03a3. \u0397 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 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