2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to:<\/p>\n
Mary E. Brunkow<\/strong> Fred Ramsdell<\/strong> Shimon Sakaguchi<\/strong> \u201cfor their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n The body\u2019s powerful immune system must be regulated, or it may attack our own organs. Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi are awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2025 for their groundbreaking discoveries concerning\u00a0peripheral immune tolerance<\/em>\u00a0that prevents the immune system from harming the body.<\/p>\n Every day, our immune system protects us from thousands of different microbes trying to invade our bodies. These all have different appearances, and many have developed similarities with human cells as a form of camouflage. So how does the immune system determine what it should attack and what it should defend?<\/p>\n Mary Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi are awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2025 for their fundamental discoveries relating to peripheral immune tolerance. The laureates identified the immune system\u2019s security guards,\u00a0regulatory T cells<\/em>, which prevent immune cells from attacking our own body.<\/p>\n \u201cTheir discoveries have been decisive for our understanding of how the immune system functions and why we do not all develop serious autoimmune diseases,\u201d says Olle K\u00e4mpe, chair of the Nobel Committee.<\/p>\n Shimon Sakaguchi was swimming against the tide in 1995, when he made the first key discovery. At the time, many researchers were convinced that immune tolerance only developed due to potentially harmful immune cells being eliminated in the thymus, through a process called\u00a0central tolerance<\/em>. Sakaguchi showed that the immune system is more complex and discovered a previously unknown class of immune cells, which protect the body from autoimmune diseases.<\/p>\n Mary Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell made the other key discovery in 2001, when they presented the explanation for why a specific mouse strain was particularly vulnerable to autoimmune diseases. They had discovered that the mice have a mutation in a gene that they named\u00a0Foxp3<\/em>. They also showed that mutations in the human equivalent of this gene cause a serious autoimmune disease, IPEX.<\/p>\n Two years after this, Shimon Sakaguchi was able to link these discoveries. He proved that the\u00a0Foxp3<\/em>\u00a0gene governs the development of the cells he identified in 1995. These cells, now known as regulatory T cells, monitor other immune cells and ensure that our immune system tolerates our own tissues.<\/p>\n The laureates\u2019 discoveries launched the field of peripheral tolerance, spurring the development of medical treatments for cancer and autoimmune diseases. This may also lead to more successful transplantations. Several of these treatments are now undergoing clinical trials.<\/p>\n SOURCE : nobelprize.org 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to: Mary E. Brunkow Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, USA Fred Ramsdell Sonoma Biotherapeutics, San Francisco, USA Shimon Sakaguchi Osaka University, Osaka, Japan \u201cfor their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance\u201d They discovered how the immune system is kept…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":50652,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[2674],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/the-nobel-prize-in-med-1.webp?fit=900%2C600&ssl=1","rttpg_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/the-nobel-prize-in-med-1.webp?fit=900%2C600&ssl=1",900,600,false],"landscape":["https:\/\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/the-nobel-prize-in-med-1.webp",900,600,false],"portraits":["https:\/\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/the-nobel-prize-in-med-1.webp",900,600,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/the-nobel-prize-in-med-1.webp?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/the-nobel-prize-in-med-1.webp?fit=300%2C200&ssl=1",300,200,true],"large":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/the-nobel-prize-in-med-1.webp?fit=900%2C600&ssl=1",900,600,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/the-nobel-prize-in-med-1.webp?fit=900%2C600&ssl=1",900,600,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/the-nobel-prize-in-med-1.webp?fit=900%2C600&ssl=1",900,600,true],"portfolio-square":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/the-nobel-prize-in-med-1.webp?resize=570%2C570&ssl=1",570,570,true],"portfolio-portrait":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/the-nobel-prize-in-med-1.webp?resize=600%2C600&ssl=1",600,600,true],"portfolio-landscape":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/the-nobel-prize-in-med-1.webp?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1",800,600,true],"menu-featured-post":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/the-nobel-prize-in-med-1.webp?resize=345%2C198&ssl=1",345,198,true],"qode-carousel_slider":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/the-nobel-prize-in-med-1.webp?resize=400%2C260&ssl=1",400,260,true],"portfolio_slider":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/the-nobel-prize-in-med-1.webp?resize=500%2C380&ssl=1",500,380,true],"portfolio_masonry_regular":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/the-nobel-prize-in-med-1.webp?resize=500%2C500&ssl=1",500,500,true],"portfolio_masonry_wide":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/the-nobel-prize-in-med-1.webp?resize=900%2C500&ssl=1",900,500,true],"portfolio_masonry_tall":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/the-nobel-prize-in-med-1.webp?resize=500%2C600&ssl=1",500,600,true],"portfolio_masonry_large":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/the-nobel-prize-in-med-1.webp?resize=900%2C600&ssl=1",900,600,true],"portfolio_masonry_with_space":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/the-nobel-prize-in-med-1.webp?fit=700%2C467&ssl=1",700,467,true],"latest_post_boxes":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/the-nobel-prize-in-med-1.webp?resize=539%2C303&ssl=1",539,303,true],"woocommerce_thumbnail":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/the-nobel-prize-in-med-1.webp?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1",300,300,true],"woocommerce_single":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/the-nobel-prize-in-med-1.webp?fit=600%2C400&ssl=1",600,400,true],"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/the-nobel-prize-in-med-1.webp?resize=100%2C100&ssl=1",100,100,true]},"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"E M","author_link":"https:\/\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/author\/e7\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"Science<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to: Mary E. Brunkow Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, USA Fred Ramsdell Sonoma Biotherapeutics, San Francisco, USA Shimon Sakaguchi Osaka University, Osaka, Japan \u201cfor their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance\u201d They discovered how the immune system is kept...","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50654"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50654"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50654\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":50656,"href":"https:\/\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50654\/revisions\/50656"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/50652"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50654"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=50654"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=50654"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nInstitute for Systems Biology,
\nSeattle, USA<\/p>\n
\nSonoma Biotherapeutics,
\nSan Francisco, USA<\/p>\n
\nOsaka University,
\nOsaka, Japan<\/p>\nThey discovered how the immune system is kept in check<\/h2>\n
\nIMAGE : onmed.gr<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"