\u039f \u03a5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03ba\u03c5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1830 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Ralph Waldo Emerson, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Henry David Thoreu, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 Margaret Fuller \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2. \u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u039c\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b6\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n
\u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 18\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 19\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1. \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae. \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac, \u03bf \u0399\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u039f\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \u039f \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u00ab\u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u00bb \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03cc\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd\u00a0<\/span>\u039a\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u039b\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 1781, \u03bf \u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03c5\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9.<\/span><\/p>\n \u039f \u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae\u03bb\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03b2\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7. \u0395\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd 1800 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 1850. \u03a7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba.\u03bb\u03c0.<\/p>\n \u039f \u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c4\u03ac\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae, \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1. \u039f \u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03ba\u03c5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0<\/span>On the Origin of Species<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Charles Darwin \u03c4\u03bf 1859 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0393\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03b1 \u00c9mile Zola \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd.<\/span><\/p>\n \u0395\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n \u039f \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 18\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039d\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 \u0391\u03b3\u03b3\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2. \u039f \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03bf \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03ca\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc, \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ae\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u0398\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399\u03b7\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03c4. \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03bf William Ellery Channing, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03bd\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0395\u03ba\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Unitarianism. \u039c\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b7\u03c1\u03cd\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc \u03a1\u03b1\u03bb\u03c6 \u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03cc\u03bb\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf \u0388\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd, \u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd.<\/span><\/p>\n \u03a4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc, \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b8\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd. \u0395\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n \u039f \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03ba\u03c5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1830, \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Ralph Waldo Emerson, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ae\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1860.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \u0391\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03be\u03b1\u03c6\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03cd\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bf \u0388\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a4\u03bf 1836 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0<\/span>La naturaleza<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ac, \u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd. \u0391\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0<\/span>The Transcendentalist,<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 1942, \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac.<\/span><\/p>\n \u039f \u0388\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u039a\u03cc\u03bd\u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03bd\u03c4 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a7\u03ad\u03bd\u03c1\u03b9 \u039d\u03c4\u03ad\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03bd\u03c4 \u0398\u03bf\u03c1\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u039c\u03ac\u03c1\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4 \u03a6\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b5\u03c1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc, \u03c4\u03bf Concord \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bb\u03af\u03ba\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd.<\/p>\n \u039f \u03a5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u00ab\u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03a5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2\u00bb, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 19\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1, \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \u038c\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b7 \u201ctranscendental\u201d, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b1\u00a0<\/span>trans<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u201c\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u201d. \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b7\u00a0<\/span>scandere<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u00ab\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u00bb. \u039c\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03be\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03ca\u03ba\u03cc \u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7. \u039f \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 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\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc. \u0395\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2, \u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \u0395\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, \u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u200b\u200b\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7. \u039c\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1.<\/span><\/p>\n \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<\/span>\u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u03ae \u00ab\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u00bb. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<\/span>\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, \u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0399\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03b5\u03c2.<\/span><\/p>\n \u039f \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac:<\/span><\/p>\n \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0388\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c2, \u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b1. \u039c\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03c9\u03c2 \u00abThe Transcendental Club\u00bb \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Concord \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Ralph Waldo Emerson, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 George Ripley \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0392\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b7.<\/span><\/p>\n \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1840, \u03bf\u03b9 Transcendentalists \u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u00a0<\/span>\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc The Dial<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 Margaret Fuller \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1. \u0395\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03b6\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/span><\/p>\n \u0391\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03af \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2, \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/span><\/p>\n \u03a7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1, \u03bf Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd. \u0389\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03c4 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0\u03c4\u03bf The American Academician<\/em>\u00a0(1837), \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p>\n \u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf,\u00a0<\/span>\u03b7 \u03a6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, \u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd. \u039f \u0388\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<\/span>\u03c4\u03bf Self-sufficiency<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(1841).\u00a0<\/span>\u039a\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(1841);\u00a0<\/span>Experience<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(1844); \u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 1.500 \u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \u039f \u0388\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b8\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03ad\u03b4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b6\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b8\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \u03a4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b7\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1, \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd Henry David Thoreau.<\/span><\/p>\n \u039f Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2. \u039f Thoreau \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Concord, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf Emerson \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1.<\/p>\n \u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Thoreau \u03be\u03b5\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b2\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0<\/span>\u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0391\u03bd\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03ae<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf\u00a0<\/span>\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u039a\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7,<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 1849. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf \u039c\u03b1\u03c7\u03ac\u03c4\u03bc\u03b1 \u0393\u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9, \u03bf \u039b\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03a4\u03bf\u03bb\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u039c\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd \u039b\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1 \u039a\u03b9\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba \u03a4\u03b6\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1.<\/span><\/p>\n \u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5,\u00a0<\/span>Walden<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 1854 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Thoreau, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03ad\u03b6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 Walden. \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0388\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd. \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bf Thoreau \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b6\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7.<\/span><\/p>\n Margaret Fuller<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n \u0397 Sarah Margaret Fuller Ossoli (1810-1850), \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 Margaret Fuller, \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae. \u03a5\u03c0\u03ae\u03c1\u03be\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03b2\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0<\/span>The Dial<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \u039f \u03a6\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b5\u03c1 \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b2\u03ac\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2\u00a0<\/span>\u0393\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03ad\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03cc\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 1843, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1.<\/span><\/p>\n \u0397 \u039c\u03ac\u03c1\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4 \u03a6\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b5\u03c1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0388\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd, \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a7\u03ad\u03bd\u03c1\u03b9 \u039d\u03c4\u03ad\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03bd\u03c4 \u0398\u03bf\u03c1\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n George Ripley \u039f \u03a4\u03b6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03b6 \u03a1\u03af\u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03ca (1802-1880) \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2, \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0388\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf 1836 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03a5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0392\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2. \u039c\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Margaret Fuller, Amos Bronson Alcott, Henry James \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Sophia Ripley, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 Transcendental Club.<\/span><\/p>\n \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a4\u03b6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03b6 \u03a1\u03af\u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03ca \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 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\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2.<\/span><\/p>\n \u039f \u0386\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c5\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u039b\u03bf\u03c5\u03af\u03b6\u03b1 \u039c\u03ad\u03b9 \u0386\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4 (1832-1888), \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b2\u03c5\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd. \u03a4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0<\/span>\u039c\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u0393\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(1868), \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/span><\/p>\n Walt Whitman<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n \u039f Walter \u201cWalt\u201d Whitman (1819-1892) \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2, \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2. \u0395\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc, \u03bf Whitman \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a0\u0397\u0393\u0397 : yubrain.com<\/p>\n EIKONA : yubrain.com<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u039f \u03a5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03ba\u03c5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1830 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Ralph Waldo Emerson, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Henry David Thoreu, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 Margaret Fuller \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2. \u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 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\n
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Ralph Waldo Emerson<\/h4>\n
<\/span>Henry David Thoreau<\/span><\/h4>\n
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\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/span>\u0386\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af<\/h4>\n
Amos Bronson Alcott \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Louisa May Alcott<\/span><\/h4>\n
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