{"id":43502,"date":"2022-03-16T00:02:07","date_gmt":"2022-03-15T22:02:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/?p=43502"},"modified":"2022-03-15T23:39:33","modified_gmt":"2022-03-15T21:39:33","slug":"george-akerlof-2867","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/george-akerlof-2867\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0397 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd &#8211; George Akerlof"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u039f George Akerlof \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1 Koshland \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039c\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03ca. \u03a4\u03bf 2001 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u0392\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u039d\u03cc\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb \u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Michael Spence \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Joseph E. Stiglitz.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f Akerlof \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 The Market for Lemons: Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism (\u0397 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd: \u03b1\u03b2\u03ad\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2) \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 1970 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd Quarterly Journal of Economics. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u00ab\u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2\u00bb (adverse selection).<\/p>\n<p>\u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c9\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u00ab\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u00bb [\u00ablemons\u00bb] \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c3\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u00ab\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03ac\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u00bb [\u00abpeaches\u00bb] \u03cc\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7) \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c9\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (\u03b1\u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7). \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2. \u0395\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03be\u03b5\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u00ab\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u00bb \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u00ab\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03ac\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u00bb, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae. \u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c9\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf, \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd, \u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd. \u039c\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>\u03a0\u0397\u0393\u0397: WIKIPEDIA<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1: https:\/\/www.solido.com\/en\/la-collection\/volkswagen-beetle-1303-custom-metallic-red-1974\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u039f George Akerlof \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1 Koshland \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039c\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03ca. \u03a4\u03bf 2001 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u0392\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u039d\u03cc\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb \u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Michael Spence \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Joseph E. Stiglitz. \u039f Akerlof \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf 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