{"id":18436,"date":"2016-07-17T23:58:04","date_gmt":"2016-07-17T20:58:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/?p=18436"},"modified":"2017-01-06T10:34:38","modified_gmt":"2017-01-06T08:34:38","slug":"behavioral-finance-part-c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/behavioral-finance-part-c\/","title":{"rendered":"\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b7 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae (Behavioral Finance); | \u039c\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u0393’"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 (loss aversion): <\/b><\/span><\/span>\u0391\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 <\/span><\/span>\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03b7. \u0395\u03be\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 Kahneman \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Tversky (1979), \u03b7 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bc\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd, \u03ae \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 – \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc \u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf (Shefrin & Statman, 1985).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 (regret aversion): <\/b><\/span><\/span>\u0391\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 (Loomes & Sugden, 1982). \u03a0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ae \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03cd\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03cd\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (disposition effect): <\/b><\/span><\/span>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c9\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 (winners) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 (losers) \u03b5\u03bb\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bc\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd (Shefrin & Statman, 1985), \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2. \u038c\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03b9\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u03a3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03be\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (optimism bias):<\/b><\/span><\/span> \u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2. \u0388\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (Nofsinger, 2002). \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03be\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (pessimism bias) \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u03a5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\/\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 (overreaction\/underreaction):<\/b><\/span><\/span> \u0391\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 (Barberis, Shleifer & Vishny, 1998). \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u039c\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u039c\u03b1\u03b6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0395\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>media<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> response):<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u03a4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u039c\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd \u039c\u03b1\u03b6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0395\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (\u039c\u039c\u0395) \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9, \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u039c\u039c\u0395 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03b8\u03cc\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 (Nofsinger, 2002).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0391\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac (herding behavior):<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u03a4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03a4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd (Welch, 2000), \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03c5\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 (\u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae). \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ae \u03bc\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u03a6\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 (rumours)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03b7 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1’ \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ae \u03bc\u03b7 (\u03c6\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2). \u039f\u03b9 \u03c6\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1-\u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1-\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03c2 (Kimmel, 2004). \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03ad\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c6\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7, \u03c6\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae (Schindler, 2003).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 Oberlechner \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Hocking (2004), \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf \u03ad\u03b4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c6\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c6\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2. \u039c\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bb\u03b7\u03c0\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0398\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c6\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7. \u0391\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c6\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc. \u0397 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd, \u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c6\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b9\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (Kimmel, 2004).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03cc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03ae\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0397 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2. \u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\n

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\u039c\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u0391’:\u00a0https:\/\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/behavioral-finance-part-a\/<\/a><\/p>\n

\u039c\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u0392’:\u00a0https:\/\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/behavioral-finance-part-b\/<\/a><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0397 \u03a8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0391\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u039d\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1\u03bf\u03c2 \u0394. \u03a6\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03c0\u03b1\u03c2<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1: \u2018\u03a3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1 \u0391\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03be\u03af\u03b1\u03c2\u2019 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc Time (http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/health\/article\/0,8599,2074067,00.html)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 (loss aversion): \u0391\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03b7. \u0395\u03be\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 Kahneman \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Tversky (1979), \u03b7 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 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\u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 (loss aversion): \u0391\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03b7. \u0395\u03be\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 Kahneman \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Tversky (1979), \u03b7 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc...","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18436"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18436"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18436\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20629,"href":"https:\/\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18436\/revisions\/20629"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18484"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18436"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18436"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lecturesbureau.gr\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18436"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}